Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties
Characteristic values of tensile strength (TS) and Brinell hardness (BH) of different forms of iron.[1][2]Material TS (MPa) BH (Brinell)
Iron whiskers 11000
Ausformed (hardened) steel 2930 850–1200
Martensitic steel 2070 600
Bainitic steel 1380 400
Pearlitic steel 1200 350
Cold-worked iron 690 200
Small-grain iron 340 100
Iron containing dissolved carbon 140 40
Single crystal of pure iron 10 3


Mechanical properties of iron and its alloys are evaluated using a variety of tests, such as the Brinell test, Rockwell test, or tensile strength tests, among others; the results on iron are so consistent that iron is often used to calibrate measurements or to relate the results of one test to another.[2][3] Those measurements reveal that mechanical properties of iron crucially depend on purity: Purest research-purpose single crystals of iron are softer than aluminium. Addition of only 10 parts per million of carbon doubles their strength.[1] The hardness increases rapidly with carbon content up to 0.2% and saturates at ~0.6%.[4] The purest industrially produced iron (about 99.99% purity) has a hardness of 20–30 Brinell.[5]








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